Cagaste nos manda Saludos 2

El año pasado por esta fecha escribía : Cagaste nos manda Saludos Y este año estamos en la misma. La diferencia con el año pasado es que en este me alcance a ilusionar. Quería mucha Tiaca para poder probar la nueva Sala de Extracción. Pero no fue. Y no será ... hasta el Ulmo.

Esta semana de precosecha se constata que si bien las colmenas siguen bonitas, de miel sólo tienen algo de Boqui - Hidrangea serratifolia, pero que la Tiaca - Calcluvia paniculata fue un suspiro, juntaron menos de 2 marcos.

Luck had nothing to do with my beekeeping. Eyes open all the time.

pero igual que ganas de que existiera la suerte y estuviera a nuestro lado todo el rato. ¿Cierto?

Como el año pasado no cosecharemos ahora. Las colmenas están muy pillajeras y se están comiendo el boqui que tienen. Cosecharlas ahora sin tener la certeza que viene el Ulmo sería un tiro en los pies. A nosotros nos interesan las colmenas vivas para polinizar el proximo año. Podemos esperar para y con la miel.

La varroa la tenemos controlada gracias al monoxalato. Las colmenas están nutridas gracias a la nueva formulación de Panapi.

Mejor irse de vacaciones y volver cuando el Ulmo se esté confesando. Las abejas ya no estarán pillajeras, la postura debería haber salido del alza y entonces tiene sentido cosecharlas y por fin probar la sala de Extracción nueva.

Así también alcanza a llegar la nueva bomba de miel desde España y podemos reparar a Homero que capotó. No creo que tengamos operativo a Robusto porque esa caja de cambio vale millones.

¿Qué como viene el Ulmo?

Fui como todos los años a mirar los Ulmos monitor de Temuco, esos en frente al jardín infantil al que fueron mis hijos. Y oh, sorpresa !.

Florecen desde hace 15 días al menos (por los pétalos que ya caen al suelo) y están los tres florecidos a mango. Full floración.

Me vuelvo a ilusionar. Pero no creo en la suerte. Las cosas son, sin carga emocional alguna. Y para lo que venga estamos preparados. Para el resto está MasterPlop.

Saludos.

PD: He conversado con varios colegas y todos se comienzan a dar cuenta que tienen mucho menos miel que lo que pensaban. A todos les falló la Tiaca, y a diferencia del año pasado la cosecha anterior no fue buena y el precio está en el suelo.

Menos oferta de miel para exportar, debería subir el precio.

Ejemplo a Seguir

Al igual que en Tasmania deberíamos instalar el Ulmo Honey Board para poder certificar de forma independiente la actividad de nuestras cosechas de Eucryphia cordifolia, nuestro Ulmo Activo.

Deberíamos apropiarnos de el UHPF con ayuda de la Dra. Montenegro de la PUC.

The Tasmanian Active Honey Group Pty Ltd is jointly owned by the following honey producers and was established to further the development of the Tasmanian active honey sector.

Australian Honey Products Pty Ltd

Blue Hills Honey / Australian Quality Honey Pty Ltd

Daybreak Apiaries / Australian Honey Sales Pty Ltd

R. Stephens Tasmanian Honey ...

Flavonoides en Eucryphia

Después de la nota sobre la ultima patente de Gloria Montenegro y su equipo de la PUC, me dio por mirar más sobre flavonoides y Ulmo, caía en un lindo paper del 2000, "Variation in flavonoid exudates in Eucryphia species from Australia and South America" E. Wollenweber et al. / Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 28 (2000) 111 - 118.

Bien cagónes los latinos ... mejor aplicar la patente de Gloria en las mieles de Downunder!

Abstract

Leaf and bud exudate #avonoids were analysed for all Eucryphia species, and 28 compounds

were identi"ed. Cladistic analyses of phytochemical data indicate that the two Tasmanian

species, E. lucida and E. milliganii are sister taxa, which is consistent with morphological

studies. Cluster analysis and ordination would suggest that the species E. wilkiei from north

eastern Queensland is relatively isolated from other Australian and South American

taxa. ( 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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The family placement of Eucryphia is uncertain. Cronquist (1981) placed it in its

own family, Eucryphiaceae, based on a number of floral characters including the 4}14

(18), multi-ovulate, carpels and large solitary flowers, with prominent petals. Several

morphological characters e.g. interpetiolar stipules and pollen, however strongly

support its inclusion in Cunoniaceae (Hu!ord and Dickison, 1992; Hideux and

Ferguson, 1976). Phytochemical characters (Jay, 1968; Bate-Smith et al., 1977) have

also been interpreted by Hu!ord and Dickison (1992) as supporting its inclusion in

Cunoniaceae.

A correlation between tissue flavonoid chemistry and plant geography among

Eucryphia species was recognised by Bate-Smith et al. (1967). The authors studied the

five species E. cordifolia, E. glutinosa, E. lucida, E. milliganii and E. moorei, as neither

E. jinksii or E. wilkiei were known at that time. They reported seven flavonol

glycosides and one dihydroflavonol glycoside, along with two flavanol methyl ethers

that were found as aglycones from these five species.

In this study the flavonoids in leaf and bud exudates were recovered from all

Eucryphia species. The two Tasmanian species, E. lucida and E. milliganii, exhibit

conspicuous sticky exudates which cover the young buds (Forster and Hyland, 1997).

Eucryphia glutinosa is named after the sticky exudate that occurs on young foliage

and buds. These exudates are probably derived from colleters, that are present in all

species, and occur on the inner surface of the stipules that protect the developing buds

(Dickison, 1978; Rutishauser and Dickison, 1989).

3. Results and discussion

Twenty-eight flavonoids were identified from the seven Eucryphia species (Table 1).

The South American species E. glutinosa exhibits two flavones, apigenin-7, 4@-

dimethyl ether and luteolin-7,3@-dimethyl ether, which it shares with two Australian

and one Tasmanian species. The other South American species, E. cordifolia, contains

only apigenin-7,4@-dimethyl ether as a trace constituent. Both South American species

lack 3-hydroxylation, i.e. flavonols are missing. The two Tasmanian species, E. lucida

and E. milliganii, with their conspicuous bud exudates, are rich in flavone and flavonol

methyl ethers. These two species share 8 flavonoids (apigenin-7-methyl ether,

luteolin-7,3@,4@-trimethyl ether, kaempferol-3-methyl ether, kaempferol-3,7,4@-

trimethyl ether, quercetin-3-methyl ether, quercetin-3,7,4@-trimethyl ether, quercetin-

3,3@,4@-trimethyl ether and quercetin-3,7,3@,4@-tetramethyl ether) which are not

recorded from any other taxon. Four flavonoids (luteolin-3@-methyl ether, kaempferol-

3,7-dimethyl ether, kaempferol-3,4@dimethyl ether and quercetin-3-methyl ether)

are only produced by Eucryphia lucida, two others (luteolin-7,4@-dimethyl ether,

quercetin-3,4@-dimethyl ether) are only produced by E. milliganii. The southern

Australian mainland species (E. jinksii and E. moorei) also have a diverse range

of flavonoids. Four flavonoids, i.e. isoscutellarein-8,4@-dimethyl ether isoscutellarein-

7,8,4@-trimethyl ether, kaempferol-4@-Methyl ether, and quercetin-3,7,4@-trimethyl

ether, were identified from E. jinksii only. We want to stress that E. jinksii is the

only species capable of hydroxylating the 8-position. Another flavone, 6-OH-luteolin-

6,7-dimethyl ether, was also found to be present in only one species, E. moorei.

The S. Australian and the Tasmanian species are able to methylate the same hydroxyls.

E. wilkiei from north eastern Queensland is the only species where flavonoid

glycosides have been found as exudate constituents. Further, Eucryphia wilkiei,

E. jinksii and E. lucida. share a flavonoid aglycone whose identity remains to be established.

Literatura sobre Eucryphia cordifolia

http://www.newcrops.uq.edu.au/listing/species_pages_E/Eucryphia_cordifolia.htm

Poco sabemos ...